Sheer Stress Marker Protein Responses in Co-ordinated Air Particulate Matter Prevalence in Soil Samples within the Frontlines of an Abattoir Site within Awka Metropolis.

An abattoir is a designated facility where animals are slaughtered and processed for meat under regulated conditions. This study employed lifecycle assessment tools and established environmental indices to evaluate the impacts of abattoir activities on wastewater and ambient air quality. The wastewater showed high acidity and conductivity, with elevated levels of toxic metals, particularly Pb, compared with the control. Total solids, suspended solids, and total dissolved solids were 1022, 363.55, and 658.45 mg/ml, respectively, while BOD5 and temperature were 5.12 mg/ml and 37.67°C. The concentrations of dissolved minerals Cl−, K, Ca, and Mg were 1203.42, 15.24, 39.76, and 23.71 mg/ml, respectively. Heavy metals Pb, Fe, and Cu were detected at 5.61, 14.16, and 16.22, respectively, whereas Cd and As were below detectable limits. Ambient air-quality parameters remained below statutory limits, indicating limited pollution from the facility. CO concentrations were 1–3 ppm across sampling points, while PM2.5 was 8 µg/m3 compared with the statutory limit of 250 µg/m3. CO₂, TVOC, and HCHO were detected at 543 ppm, 0.066 mg/dm3, and 0.002 μg/m3, respectively. Lipase, urease, peroxidase, and catalase activities showed varying OD values, with notable increases in lipase and peroxidase at Point I and reduced catalase activity at Points III and IV. Overall, the findings provide empirical evidence of the environmental effects of abattoir activities and their potential implications for ecosystem quality