Assessment of Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy

The research was undertaken to investigate the identification of early indicators of diabetic nephropathy by comparing declines in renal function between patients with (T2DM) and the non-diabetic population.  Laboratory blood samples included 120 specimens from patients diagnosed with (T2DM) which were collected from the Al Wafaa Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Gland Disease and private laboratories in Mosul city and another 90 specimens obtained from healthy subjects as controls. The study participants underwent comprehensive medical evaluations, including fasting blood sugar tests (FBS), hemoglobin A1c level tests (HbA1c), and kidney tests for creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urine albumin and creatinine ratio (ACR). Results indicated a significant increase in fasting blood sugar, HbA1c levels, ACR, and increased serum creatinine, urea, and BUN levels at P ≤ 0.05 compared to healthy individuals, establishing these as reliable prognostic indicators to differentiate between diabetic patients with nephropathy and other healthy people.